Sci&Tech History

A study, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, involved a detailed analysis of a large social network of 12,067 people who had been closely followed for 32 years, from 1971 to 2003. The investigators knew who was friends with whom as well as who was a spouse or sibling or neighbor, and they knew [...]

When people find difficulties in gaining food, is bio energy development still relevant? Does food or energy have a correlation with poverty? Both, rice or jatropha can be exchanged with money, but still the question arise, for whom we develop energy cultivation? According to Michael Ableman, the global food system now faces a crisis of unprecedented [...]

What would you do, if you know something? Would you tell it to somebody else, or just keep it in a closed system, where people have to spend their money to access it? Dichotomy between closed and open knowledge system can be traced in copy right and copy left approach. Both of the approach have [...]

Does scientist has a role in nation development? This question keep haunting me recently. For example, when the nation has a food crises, should the scientist from indirect field involved in that issues or they have nothing to do with that and run business as usual? Does scientist have to aware about national issues, such [...]

Politics stuff such as election, candidate popularity, trend analysis always include statistic to ‘read’ constituent trend. Below we can see how this relation was examined in New York times, as follows: This is a remarkably detailed and vivid account of the political sociology of the American electorate. What is even more remarkable is that it is [...]

Score, rank and number are always become our concern rather to decide something is good or bad. The question is how this score, rank, and number been accepted and constructed? Moreover, who have the ‘right’ to do that and what aspects need to be highlighted? As mentioned earlier, Latour pointed four professionals to be taken [...]

In history, there are several similar events occurred independently. For example, Leibniz developed the calculus independently of Newton, at almost in the same time. Wallace developed the theory of natural selection independently of Darwin, though later. Because of a paper by Wallace, Darwin found the energy to write Origin of Species so he would receive [...]

Open Method of Coordination (OMC) is an intergovernmental means of governance in Europe Union, based on the voluntary cooperation of its member states. In its implementation, OMC is divided into two steps: initiated by ‘the government’, a top-down approach, and the second, initiated by its member states towards experimental dynamic with the involvement of local [...]

From Genevieve teil & Bruno Latour, “the hume machine: can association networks do more than formal rules?” Is there something beyond text? What do someone refer when they talk about in-formation? Is it in our mind or it is related with the reality? Does degree tell something about meaning?

How can someone judge rather something is good or bad? Moreover, how can we quantify it? Latour (1987), Callon & Muniesa (2003), proposed three-step process of calculation: In order to be calculated, the entities taken into account have to be detached. A finite number of entities are moved, arranged and ordered in [...]